Irritable Bowel Syndrome: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common digestive disorder that affects the gastrointestinal tract, resulting in both physical and mental discomfort.

In what follows, we discuss:

• Symptoms
• Causes
• Triggers
• Risk factors
• Complications
• Treatment options

Symptoms of Irritable Bowel Syndrome

IBS is characterized by several symptoms that may persist for a long time.

• Abdominal pain and cramps
• Bloating and flatulence
• Diarrhoea, constipation, or alternating episodes of the two
• Changes in the frequency and consistency of bowel movements
• A feeling of incomplete emptying or mucus in the stools

Causes of IBS

The exact cause is unknown, but several factors are thought to contribute to the development of irritable bowel syndrome.

• Abnormal muscle contractions in the digestive tract can lead to gas, bloating, and diarrhoea
• Oversensitive nerves in the digestive system can cause abnormal reactions to normal digestive processes
• IBS can sometimes develop after severe gastroenteritis (stomach flu)
• Stressful events, especially in childhood, can increase the risk of IBS
• Changes in the gut microbiome may play a role in the development of IBS

Possible IBS Triggers

Triggers of IBS can be divided into two broad groups:

• Certain foods or drinks, such as wheat, dairy products, and carbonated drinks, can exacerbate IBS symptoms
• Increased stress levels affect the frequency and severity of IBS symptoms, although stress does not directly cause the condition

Risk Factors for Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Several factors increase the risk of developing IBS:

• IBS is more common in people younger than 50 years and more common in women
• Having a family member with IBS may increase your risk of developing the condition
• Anxiety and depression may contribute to the development of IBS

Complications of IBS

Chronic constipation or diarrhoea associated with IBS can lead to complications such as haemorrhoids. Additionally, IBS can negatively affect your quality of life and contribute to psychological disorders.

Possible Treatments for IBS

Although IBS cannot be cured, there are several treatments to relieve symptoms and improve quality of life. These treatments include:

• A healthy lifestyle, regular exercise, stress management, and keeping a food diary can help reduce IBS symptoms
• Some people find relief with a FODMAP diet, which avoids certain food triggers
• Supplementing with beneficial bacteria, for example by eating more fibres, can reduce gas and bloating in some people
• Depending on the symptoms, a medical aid such as PuraColon Pro may provide relief

Remember that irritable bowel syndrome is a highly individual condition, and what works for you may not work for someone else. Understanding your triggers and pursuing a healthy lifestyle can at least help manage IBS.

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